Ngawo-1940, abaklami bezakhiwo baseJalimane bathola ukuthi izici zokuzinamathelisa kanye nezingangeni moya zolwelwesi lwe-asphalt lokuvikela amanzi kanye nezinto zokuvikela ukuvikela amanzi zabangela umswakama osele esakhiweni sikakhonkolo ukuba uvalelwe esakhiweni, futhi umhwamuko wamanzi esakhiweni sikakhonkolo awukwazanga ukukhishwa. . Ngenxa yalokho, isikhunta sikhula ophahleni nasezindongeni, futhi izinga lomoya wasendlini nempilo yabantu kusengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, imboni yezokwakha yaseJalimane yaqala ukusebenzisa ama-cushions ophahleni angena emoyeni ukuze athathe indawo ye-self-adhesive membrane kanye nezingubo zokuvimbela amanzi. Lo mcamelo okwazi ukungena emoyeni ubekwe phezu kwesisekelo sophahla ukuze uvumele umhwamuko wamanzi wephaneli yophahla lukakhonkolo efakwe endaweni ekhonjiwe ukuthi ukhishwe ngokushesha. Phuma, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukuzalanisa isikhunta.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda somlando ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqonda kwabantu ukwakha ukonga kwamandla kwakungenele. Ngokugqashuka kwenkinga yezamandla emhlabeni ngeminyaka yawo-1970, amazwe ase-Europe kanye neMelika ayinaka kakhulu indaba yokwakhiwa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ochwepheshe bamandla bathole ukuthi nakuba lolu hlobo lomcamelo ophefumulayo luvumela umhwamuko wamanzi ophahleni lukakhonkolo ophonswe endaweni ukuba lukhishwe futhi luxazulule ngokuphumelelayo izinkinga zomswakama kanye nesikhunta, inani elikhulu lomhwamuko wamanzi likhishelwa ungqimba lokufakelwa, kanye nokusebenza okushisayo kwento efakwayo kulimale kakhulu.
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ochwepheshe be-American and Canadian Building Standards Association bathola ukuthi ukufiphala komhwamuko wamanzi ezindongeni zangaphandle kanye nophahla lwamabhilidi kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwezinto zokuvikela izakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo esivalekile, okuholela ekutheni ukukhula kwesikhunta. Isizathu esiyinhloko somswakama amanzi esigaba se-liquid kanye namanzi esigaba somhwamuko angena esakhiweni semvilophu ngosizo lomoya wangaphandle wesakhiwo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ezinye izakhiwo e-United States ziye zaqala ukusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi, luzibeka ngaphandle kongqimba lwe-insulation njengendlela yokwengeza isakhiwo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucinana komoya namanzi esakhiweni, kodwa lolwelwesi olungangeni manzi aluphefumuleki, kanye nomhwamuko. yesakhiwo semvilophi namanje ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka. Ayikwazi ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yomswakama.
Ngemva kocwaningo oluqhubekayo lwesayensi nokusebenza, ochwepheshe embonini yezokwakha eJalimane nase-United States ekugcineni bathola ukuthi umcamelo ophahleni okwazi ukungena emoyeni washintshwa waba into egoqekile engangeneki njengengqimba yokuvimbela umhwamuko ongqimbeni lwesisekelo sophahla, ukuze umhwamuko wamanzi ophahleni lukakhonkolo olakhiwe wawugcinwa ungashintshi. Ingakhishwa ngezinga elithile, inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-vapor yamanzi kusuka ophahleni lwekhonkrithi kuya kungqimba lokufakelwa; usebenzisa i-membrane engangeni manzi ephefumulayo njengesistimu yokuhlanganisa isakhiwo (ngemuva kwalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-membrane ephefumulayo engangeni manzi) ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi esigaba soketshezi kanye nomhwamu kusuka ngaphandle kwesakhiwo Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umswakama oseqenjini lokufakelwa ukukhishwa ngokushesha. . Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwesithiyo se-vapor kanye ne-membrane engenawo amanzi nokuphefumula kuqinisa ukuqina komoya nokuqina kwamanzi kwesakhiwo, kuxazulula inkinga yokuvimbela umswakama kanye nesikhunta, futhi kuvikela ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenza okushisayo kwesakhiwo sokubiyela, ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelele umgomo. okonga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, isisombululo se-membrane esingangeni manzi futhi esiphefumulayo sakhuthazwa ngamandla emazweni athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States, futhi sasisetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezomphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-membrane engenamanzi futhi ephefumulayo kwakwaziwa ngokuthi "indlu yokuphefumula". I-membrane engangeni manzi futhi ephefumulayo ibekwe phezu kongqimba lwe-insulation ukuze kuvikelwe ngempumelelo ungqimba olufakwa ngaphakathi. Asikho isidingo sokuthululela ukhonkolo wamatshe amahle ongqimbeni lwe-insulation. Ukwenziwa kahle kohlelo kunciphisa izindleko zokwakha. I-Japan, i-Malaysia kanye namanye amazwe nawo asethule ngokulandelanayo ubuchwepheshe obuvela eJalimane nase-United States, futhi aqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi nokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi noluphefumulayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni waseShayina uye wanaka kakhulu ukwakha ukongiwa kwamandla, okuholele ekugqugquzeleni izixazululo zemembrane ezingangeni manzi neziphefumulayo ezweni lami, futhi wenza "Isakhiwo Sokwakhiwa KweMembrane Engangeni Wamanzi Nokuphefumula", "Profiled Steel Plate , Uphahla Lwephaneli YeSandwich kanye Nesakhiwo Sokwakha Udonga Lwangaphandle" Kanye nokunye okukhethekile
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 15-09-21